基于ML-kNN多标记学习的中医体质辨识模型研究

目的 中医体质与人体健康状态密切相关。研究利用人工智能技术辨识中医体质，为中医体质辨识智能化及自动化发展提供新思路。方法 以江苏省中医院体检中心的中医体质数据作为初始数据样本，经过数据清洗、过滤及结构化最终纳入9844条数据作为研究对象，运用ML-kNN多标记k近邻算法构建中医体质辨识模型，使用10折交叉验证训练模型，并采用多标记学习评价指标评估模型效果。结果 中医体质辨识模型的平均汉明损失为0.096 1，平均1-错误率为0.126 1，平均排序损失为0.086 6，平均覆盖率为1.153 5，平均精度为88.57%。结论 基于体检中心中医体质辨识量表数据，利用ML-kNN多标记学习算法，构建体质辨识模型，能够有效实现中医体质辨识智能化。     

A novel prognostic scoring model for newly diagnosed FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most common somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the molecular structure characteristics and widely accepted prognostic factors for FLT3-ITD are still not well described. This study aimed to retrospectively examine 81 patients with FLT3-ITD-positive AML diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from December 2013 to March 2018 using the next-generation sequencing 185-gene platform. High variant allele frequency (VAF) [> 0.48, P = 0.0089 for overall survival (OS), P = 0.13 for relapse-free survival (RFS)], multiple ITDs (> 1 ITDs, P = 0.011 for OS, P = 0.033 for RFS) and longer insertion length (> 69 bp, P = 0.14 for OS, P = 0.0078 for RFS) predicted poor survival. The study further proposed an easily applicable scoring model for OS using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation (LASSO) Cox regression model. Also, an independent cohort of 30 patients was used for external model validation. The mode was expressed as follows: 0.659 × FLT3-ITD VAF + 0.375 × FLT3-ITD number + 0.807 × Age + 0.688 × DNMT3A + 1.939 × U2AF1 (FLT3-ITD VAF > 0.48 scored 1; FLT3-ITD number scored 1 if carried 1 ITD, 2 if carried ≥ 2 ITDs; age > 44 years scored 1, the presence of DNMT3A or U2AF1 scored 1; 0 for other conditions). It categorized patients into low-risk (L-R, score < 1, n = 20) and high-risk (H-R, score ≥ 1, n = 61) groups based on the risk score with a significant difference in survival (3-year OS, P < 0.0001; 3-year RFS, P = 0.0005). A prognostic nomogram that integrated these five factors was developed with a concordance index calculation [OS: 0.68, 95% CI (0.64-0.72)].     

Prevalence of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) predisposition gene mutations among 882 HBOC high‐risk Chinese individuals

Identification of deleterious variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes allows for increased clinical surveillance and early detection, and could predict the response to poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. To determine the prevalence and clinical prediction factors for HBOC syndrome, 882 selected individuals underwent multigene panel testing for HBOC risk assessment during the period from January 2015 to March 2018. Overall, 176 deleterious mutations were observed in 19.50% (n = 172) of individuals. Twenty‐six of 176 mutations could not be retrieved in related public databases and were considered to be novel. Among patients with ovarian cancer, 115 deleterious mutations were identified in 429 patients (48.6%) with significant enrichment for a family history of breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (P < .05). In the breast cancer subgroup, 31 deleterious mutations were identified in 261 patients. Besides BRCA1 (8; 25.8%) and BRCA2 (11; 35.5%), the most frequently occurring genes, an additional 12 deleterious mutations (38.7%) were found in seven other susceptibility genes. Higher mutation incidence (57.9%) was observed in subjects with histories of breast and ovarian cancer. Our results highlighted the genetic heterogeneity of HBOC and the efficiency of a multigene panel in carrying out risk assessment.     

基于3种数据挖掘模型分析16 618例含附子中成药的处方用药规律

目的:通过数据挖掘分析某院含附子的中成药处方,从中医辨证论治的角度分析该类中成药的临床用药特征规律,探究数据挖掘在中医药处方分析中的应用前景。方法:抽取2017年11月至2018年10月某院门诊含附子成分的中成药处方,从患者基本情况、中医疾病、中医证候等方面回顾分析该类中成药的临床使用情况,采用Microsoft Office Excel 2016进行基本统计,并结合Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services 2012的3种数据挖掘算法解析处方用药特征。结果:某院使用含附子中成药共8种,14岁以下患者用该类药最多,其中小儿肺咳颗粒用量最大,中医疾病多为咳嗽、感冒、咳喘,中医证型多为寒热错杂证、风痰证、外感风邪。温补肾阳的中成药处方包含金匱肾气丸、龙鹿胶囊、尪痹胶囊、桂附地黄丸,中医疾病多为痹症、眩晕、虚劳等,证型主要为肝肾不足、肾虚血瘀、脾肾不足。决策树分析显示使用含附子的中成药处方具有年龄分布特点,其中中医疾病及证型为主要决策点;聚类分析根据该类处方患者年龄、性别、中西医诊断、中医证型将中成药处方分为10类;关联性分析显示小儿肺咳颗粒联用情况最多,但关联度不高,金匱肾气丸、芪苈强心胶囊、龙鹿胶囊和尪痹胶囊有各自的强关联用药。结论:数据挖掘算法纳入多因素分析临床处方的应用更接近中医临床辩证论治思维,结合基础统计可知某院含附子的处方整体用药符合中医辨证论治的特点。     

非精神活性药用大麻的应用及开发

非精神活性药用大麻即四氢大麻酚(THC)质量分数0. 3%且大麻二酚(CBD)含量高(原则上应 2. 0%),主要用于药用的大麻植物。大麻的药用性历史悠久,笔者基于大麻的本草考证以及国际药用历史,阐述了大麻素类化合物特别是CBD在开发抗癫痫药品、精神疾病药品、镇痛抗炎药品及抗肿瘤药品上的应用,并对其在食品、保健品、化妆品等领域的应用情况进行总结。基于目前高CBD含量药用大麻的新品种匮乏、基础研究薄弱等问题,建议应加强CBD等有效成分的基础研究,推动药用大麻五类新药及保健品等的开发,通过挖掘药用大麻遗传信息,建立其综合鉴定体系并加快高CBD含量新品种选育,保障药用大麻的安全性及有效性,促进药用大麻产业的可持续发展。     

Two novel genetic variants in the STK38L and RAB27A genes are associated with glioma susceptibility

Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumors with poor prognosis. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) of glioma in populations with Western European ancestry were completed in the US and UK. However, our previous results strongly suggest the genetic heterogeneity could be important in glioma risk. To systematically investigate glioma risk–associated variants in Chinese population, we performed a multistage GWAS of glioma in the Han Chinese population, with a total of 3,097 glioma cases and 4,362 controls. In addition to confirming two associations reported in other ancestry groups, this study identified one new risk-associated locus for glioma on chromosome 12p11.23 (rs10842893, p_meta = 2.33x10-12, STK38L) as well as a promising association at 15q15-21.1 (rs4774756, p_meta = 6.12x10-8, RAB27A) in 3,097 glioma cases and 4,362 controls. Our findings demonstrate two novel association between the glioma risk region marked by variant rs10842893 and rs4774756) and glioma risk. These findings may advance the understanding of genetic susceptibility to glioma.     

High mobility group box-1-toll-like receptor 4-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B-mediated generation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the dorsal root ganglion promotes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant side effect of chemotherapeutics. The mechanisms of CIPN remain substantially unidentified, although inflammation-induced peripheral sensitization has been indicated as an important factor. Here, we aimed to illustrate the role of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9-related signaling pathway in the process of CIPN. Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) was administered to mice to establish the CIPN model. Gelatin zymography was used to measure MMP-9/2 activities. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), calcitonin gene-related peptide and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. Mechanical withdrawal was measured by von Frey hairs testing. Raw 264.7 cells and SH-SY5Y cells were cultured to investigate cell signaling in vitro. Here, we report that L-OHP-induced mechanical pain in mice with significant MMP-9/2 activation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. MMP-9 inhibition or knockout alleviated the occurrence of CIPN directly. MMP-9/2 were released from macrophages and neurons in the DRG via the HMGB-1-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) axis, because MMP-9/2 activities could be reduced by macrophage scavengers or PI3Kγ knockout in CIPN mice. The in vitro data revealed that induced MMP-9 activity by recombinant HMGB-1 could be abolished by TLR4, PI3K or Akt inhibitors. Finally, it was shown that N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could reduce MMP-9/2 activities and attenuate CIPN effectively and safely. The HMGB-1-TLR4-PI3K/Akt-MMP-9 axis is involved in the crosstalk between macrophages and neurons in the pathological process of CIPN in mice. Direct inhibition of MMP-9 by NAC may be a potential therapeutic regimen for CIPN treatment.     

津沽推拿流派学术概要

发源于天津地区的津沽推拿流派,具有历史悠久、底蕴深厚、风格独特、学术特点突出等特点。作为全国具有代表性的推拿流派,津沽推拿流派已有百余年发展历史,现已形成津沽伤科推拿、津沽脏腑推拿、津沽小儿推拿3大稳定的学术分支。津沽推拿流派注重理论传承,强调道术结合,又具有典型的手法特点。津沽推拿流派对近代推拿的发展贡献突出,目前该流派的传承推广应用工作成绩卓著,引起了推拿学界的广泛关注。     

一种面向中医药数据的高效脱敏算法＊

目的 针对中医药大数据平台传统的加密方案效率不高的问题，提出一种高效的基于属性的内积加密的数据脱敏算法。方法 Hash（哈希）算法是应用广泛的高效的数据加密方法，但传统的哈希算法基于单一的控制策略，效率不高。本文提出一种基于属性的内积加密的数据脱敏算法，把批量的敏感数据分割为不同长度数据颗粒度，与特定密文的哈希进行内积处理。结果 在面对中医药大数据平台的海量数据加密的场景，与传统的哈希加密算法相比，本文提供的加密算法具有很好的性能。结论 为了保障个人隐私数据不被泄露，中医药大数据平台中的个人医疗数据需要加密脱敏后，才能进行分析处理或对外发布。本文提出的算法具备灵活的数据颗粒度、策略和高效的性能表现，适用于海量的中医药数据脱敏。     

临床护士共享治理在给药安全管理中的实践

目的 将共享治理的管理理念运用到给药安全管理中,提高护士给药安全的风险管理意识和参与度,降低给药错误隐患事件和给药错误发生率.方法 2019年7～12月将共享治理应用于病房给药安全管理中,并与2019年1～6月未实施共享治理时的给药隐患事件、给药错误发生率、护理人员决策参与程度等进行对比.结果 实施共享治理后给药隐患事件、给药错误发生率显著低于实施前(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);实施共享治理后护理人员决策参与度和给药安全理念得分显著高于实施前(均P＜0.01).结论 共享治理能有效提高护士给药安全的风险管理意识,降低给药错误及隐患事件的发生.